A powerful tool
Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) is a powerful tool, encompassing a range of sub-techniques such as Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy (STM).
The techniques all share the principle of operation, to build up an image line by line by scanning a sharp probe over the surface and feeding back on a distance-dependent physical parameter, such as an interaction force, an electrical current or potential between probe and sample.
Product Range
- Low Temperature
- Variable Temperature
- High Vacuum
- Ambient
- Multi-Technique
Ultra High Vacuum systems designed for low temperature (LT-STM, LT-SPM), such systems have a typical temperature range from room temperature to 4K. Such low temperatures are achieved by liquid helium cooling with an emphasis on long measurement times, mechanical stability and maintaining a highly stable tip and sample temperature envelope using heavy shielding. At such temperatures the motion of single atoms and molecules is frozen out and they may be individually studied and manipulated with the probe, and spectroscopic studies performed to ascertain the electronic properties.
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Ultra High Vacuum systems designed for variable temperature with a wide temperature range from 90K achieved via liquid nitrogen cooling, all the way through to temperatures as high as 1300K. Such temperature flexibility has some very special design considerations to avoid thermal drift and mechanical instability during imaging. These systems allow imaging of surface atomic and molecular structures, and enable the user to study the effect of temperature and other experimental parameters on the sample at the highest possible resolution.
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High vacuum SPM systems are designed for measurements where full Ultra High vacuum is not needed, with the benefit of reduced cost and ease of use in terms of sample loading directly into the system. The high vacuum allows increased sensitivity of certain measurements, due to the enhanced Q-factor of the cantilever under such conditions. Sensitivity improvements are particularly beneficial for measurements in certain modes, such as magnetic force microscopy, kelvin probe and scanning capacitive measurements, where weak interactions are being measured. The vacuum environment also has the advantage of removing the water layer from the sample, thus reducing the capillary forces between probe and sample, giving an improved force measurement accuracy.
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Ambient SPM systems are the ultimate flexible tool in terms of the variety of imaging modes available to conduct measurements of the widest range of electrical, mechanical and spatial properties. It is easy to load a range of samples directly onto the system, without the need for in-vacuum sample transfers. These systems are flexible in terms of the variety of AFM probes that can be loaded.
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SPM is information rich, especially when the technique is pushed beyond basic topography measurements into advanced electrical and mechanical modes. Multi-Technique systems take this to the next level, allowing the combination of SPM with other analytical methods on the same sample position, often giving chemical information about a sample which is lacking from the SPM. Such systems can be in ambient conditions or in vacuum. Under ambient conditions possibilities include co-localised measurements such as Raman, IR spectroscopy, scanning near field optical microscopy (SNOM) or other optical techniques, as well as nanoindentation. In-vacuum advanced methods such as time of flight SIMS (TOF-SIMS can be offered).
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Product Range
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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, no brute iusto sea. Has tale mandamus in. Quo iriure concludaturque in, eu his tritani veritus dignissim, ne est mutat tation. Et eirmod urbanitas pri, tantas timeam integre mel ei. Est id labore saperet atomorum, in has urbanitas persecuti, vivendum scribentur pro ex. Te tamquam honestatis per, velit feugiat vix ea. Ei his aliquando disputationi. Integre invidunt assentior sea ex, eu veniam molestie liberavisse pro, dictas dolores ad usu. Ne magna prodesset vis, est ad munere lucilius omittantur, an mea tota sensibus reprehendunt. Ex omnes contentiones eam, ex mel voluptua nominati.
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